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The result was a great discussion and a whiteboard full of suggestions for pre-takeoff decision verification. As a group, we looked at the common elements and narrowed it down not to seven, but four basic steps to a pre-takeoff briefing checklist we labeled the T-E-N-E (you might call it “teeny”) checklist.
• Threats.Whatarethehazardsyoufaceforthisspecific takeoff? How will you manage these threats?
• Expectations. What are your performance expec- tations? What techniques will you use to attain that performance? How will you judge whether you are achieving your expectations?
• Normaldepartureprocedures.Whatistherouteand climb procedure you’ll use to get from the runway to the en route structure? What is your initial clearance? Is there an ODP (Obstacle Departure Procedure) or SID (Standard Instrument Departure) that apply, or has Air Traffic Control assigned a specific route or climb requirement?
• Emergencies. What will you do in the event of an emergency or abnormality? Where will you go? What is the arrival procedure? How will you call it up on your GPS if needed? Have you briefed yourself on that procedure, have any required charts handy, and have the frequencies in the backup, ready to activate?
Obviously, there are a lot of decisions involved in the T-E-N-E checklist. You don’t have time to make them all at the hold line.
8 • TWIN & TURBINE
The checklist does, however, give you a structure for considering all these items during your preflight planning and a format for quickly reviewing and reinforcing those decisions before you take off. The T-E-N-E checklist was exactly what I was looking for and now teach to instructors and pilots.
Santa Fe Departure
Let’s say I’m taking off in a Beechcraft Baron from Santa Fe, New Mexico for a trip home to Wichita. Skies are clear, and winds are light for departure, but there are low clouds partially obscuring the mountains east of the field on a direct route of flight. Before ever getting in the airplane, I consider all of these items:
Threats
❱ High-density altitude affecting takeoff distance and climb rate • Mitigations:
o Calculate takeoff speeds, distance and obstacle climb distance
o Lean to Target EGT (~1300°F exhaust gas temperature) for maximum horsepower
o Use “50-70 Rule”: at 50 percent of the takeoff distance, the airspeed should be 70 percent of the liftoff speed
o Lower-than-normal pitch attitude for liftoff, VXME and VYME because of reduced thrust
❱ Airplane weight • Mitigations:
o Calculate weight and balance
oConsidereffectofweightandcenterof gravity location on performance
❱ Slight crosswind
• Mitigation: Employ proper crosswind
takeoff technique
❱ High traffic
• Mitigations:
o Follow procedures precisely to be predictable to ATC and other pilots
o Aviate, navigate, then communicate
❱ Possible interruptions to Before Takeoff checklist • Mitigations:
o Use checklists carefully and re-confirm actions
o Make use of passenger as a cockpit resource to point out any missed items
❱ High mountains just east of the airport • Mitigations:
o File a route around mountains, not the “direct” route home that goes over mountains
o Consider wind flow, and stay on the upwind side of high terrain
❱ IMC on the southeast and east sides of the mountains
March 2019
Takeoff performance data for a Beechcraft B55 Baron, KSAF to Wichita/Jabara Airport (source: Bonanza Performance iPad app, free in the App Store).